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| nouns | verbs | adjectives | pronouns | numerals | prepositions | conjunctions | adverbs |
nouns: · a-stems · va-stems · ja-stems · ia-stems · ô-stems · vô-stems · jô-stems · iô-stems · i-stems · u-stems · an-stems · ôn-stems · în-stems · nd-stems · root nouns · r-stems ·
nouns: Ô-STEMS, VÔ-STEMS and JÔ-STEMS
Ô-stems are all feminine.
| sing. | | plur.
| | nom. | gröf-
| nom. | graf-ar
| | gen. | graf-ar
| gen. | graf-a
| | dat. | gröf-, laug-u
| dat. | gröf-um
| | acc. | gröf-
| acc. | graf-ar
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| like gröf: | like laug:
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· gröf 'grave'
· rún 'rune; secret'
· gjöf 'gift'
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· brú 'bridge'
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· laug 'bath'
· reið 'ride'
· dróttning 'queen'
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| The vô-stems are quite rare, and they only differ from the pure ô-stems in having a /v/ in front of all endings beginning with /a/ and /i/. The plural genitive ending thus is -va in stead of -a.
| vô-stems:
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· ör 'arrow'
· ''
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| Jô-stems aren't very common. They only differ from the pure a-stems in having a /j/ in front of all endings beginning with /a/ and /u/. The plural genitive ending thus is -ja in stead of -a.
| jô-stems:
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· ben 'wound'
| | with dat. sing. -ju
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· ey 'island'
· egg 'cutting edge'
· hel 'death'
· mær 'maiden' ; in all other cases
the stem is mey-
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The ON ô-stems originate in PIE â-stems:
sing: nom: -u < -ô < -â ; gen: -ôR < -õz < -ãs (-â+es) ; dat: -u < -ô < ins. -â (-â+H) ; acc: =nom. (the cognate of i-e -âm can be seen in the adj.)
plur: nom: -ôR < -õz < -ãs (-â+es) ; gen: -ô < -õn < -ãm (-â+om) ; dat: -ûmR < -ômiz < -âmes ; acc: =nom.
© Peter Pettersson
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